Best Lung Hospital in Hyderabad

Preview: Fiber-optic bronchoscopy is a test carried out using a thin, flexible bronchoscope inserted via the nose or mouth into the lungs to diagnose and treat various lung abnormalities. It transmits clear images from the inside of the lungs to physicians before surgery.

Surgical Steps

• This minimally invasive surgery is performed under the influence of local anaesthesia to numb the throat and induce sleep for a duration of 30 minutes to an hour.
• The surgeon inserts the tube through the nose or the mouth and passes it through the trachea into the bronchi.
• Patients are generally advised to rest for 24 hours, whereas complete recovery may take a few days.

Benefits:

• Allows the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage
• Removes endobronchial tumor
• Treats dilated, narrowed airways (stenosis)
• Minimally invasive

Read More About— Bronchoscopy

Preview: Bullectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove large air-filled lung sacs (bullae), typically seen in cases of chronic lung disease, which can cause breathing difficulties and lung collapse, thereby enhancing lung function. This surgery is also considered for compressive heart-lung tissue and the management of severe emphysema using laser or robot-assisted techniques.

Surgical Steps

• Bullectomy is conducted under general anesthesia, utilising either a thoracotomy or minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), contingent upon the characteristics of the bulla. The procedure is followed by chest tube drainage to remove air and fluids, facilitating recovery, and involves the closure of incisions.
• Typically, the surgical duration ranges from one to three hours, depending on the patient’s condition and overall age, with hospital stays lasting from one to two days. Initial recovery may extend for several days, whereas complete recovery may require several weeks.

Benefits:

• Improved exercise capacity
• Better chest mechanics
• Reduced dyspnea
• Improved oxygen levels
• Cost-effective

Read More About—Bullectomy

Preview: Pleural effusion is the excess fluid buildup between the thin membranous layers lining the chest cavity in cases of heart failure, cancer, or infections. An indwelling pleural catheter is a minimally invasive surgery that aims to continuously drain the fluid, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life. It is performed in cases of chronic or malignant pleural effusion with breathing issues, chest pain, or chronic coughing.
Surgical Steps

• The indwelling pleural catheter procedure is conducted under local anaesthesia and entails making a minor incision in the chest to insert a catheter into the pleural space, utilizing ultrasound guidance.
• Subsequently, a drainage bottle is attached to facilitate fluid removal, and the treatment site is closed.
• The postoperative hospital stay is typically one day. Surgeons advise patients to avoid strenuous activities and to report any complications, such as difficulty breathing or drainage problems.

Benefits:

• Prevents frequent fluid drainage via needle
• Minimises chest pain and breathing issues
• Minimally invasive

Read More About—Indwelling Pleural Catheter

Preview: Lobectomy is a surgery performed with thoracotomy that aims to effectively treat early-stage benign or malignant conditions, such as cancer or chronic infections, by excising three lobes of the right lung and the two lobes from the left.

Surgical Steps

• The surgeon may create an incision between the ribs to insert minimally invasive specialised instruments and perform a thoracoscopy. Another incision is made to remove the affected part using a bag, and the chest cavity is rinsed properly.
• Chest drains are placed to exude air and fluids until output decreases, followed by heart rate monitoring, and the surgeon’s recommendation to walk is encouraged.
• Hospital stays vary from 1 to 5 days, depending on the open or minimally invasive technique performed.

Benefits:

• Reduced risk of infection and spread of disease
• Long-term symptom relief
• Improved breathing
• Increases life expectancy

Read More About—Lobectomy

 

Preview: RATS is a surgeon-operated robotic arm procedure that aims to provide high-precision cuts during the surgery, resulting in enhanced control and access mid-surgery, thus delivering accuracy and dexterity.

Surgical Steps

• The surgeon controls the two robotic arms with the help of a console positioned behind the patient.
• Lobectomy is a 2-hour surgery performed minimally invasively, under the influence of general anaesthesia, where 3-4 half-inch incisions are made between the ribs during the surgery with the aid of RATS.
• Bullectomy is yet another 2-hour-long minimally invasive procedure performed under the influence of general anaesthesia with the help of RATS.

Benefits:

• Mimics the natural movements of a human hand’s maneuverability
• Enable stable surgical movements with tremor filtration
• Reduced invasiveness & faster recovery
• Better clinical results

 

Preview: Thymectomy is a rare surgical procedure that aims to remove the thymus gland, located in the upper chest. It is performed for conditions like thymoma, thymic tumours, or myasthenia gravis.

Surgical Steps

• A thoracic surgeon partially or completely removes the affected thymus gland, located in the chest, along with its surrounding lymph nodes or tissues, without damaging the adjacent structures. The site is then closed with sutures, and a drainage tube is placed if necessary.
• The surgery typically takes 1-3 hours to perform, with recovery time usually lasting 2-6 weeks.

Benefits:

• Reduced medication dependency
• Improved muscle strength
• Reduced risk for malignancy
• Limited impact on immunity

Read More About—Thymectomy

Preview: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure performed through an incision in the neck to create an airway passage for the patient to breathe. It is performed as a permanent or temporary setting on patients with swallowing difficulties, upper airway obstruction, neck injuries, or certain lung conditions or who have had previous surgeries.

Surgical Steps

• During a tracheostomy, a surgeon makes an incision below the Adam’s apple to make a hole in the windpipe, inserts a tube and secures it with a band, and rarely connects it to a breathing machine when needed.
• Patients are monitored and are advised to communicate through writing and are instructed to follow the post-operative guidelines.
• Hospital stays usually take 8-10 days, and final recovery may take a minimum of 2 weeks.

Benefits:

• Improved comfort and breathing
• Easier suctioning and secretion of mucus from the airway
• Reduced need for sedation

Read More About – Tracheostomy

Preview: Decortication empyema aims to remove the thick, fibrous layers formed on the surface of the lung due to an infection, allowing the lungs to re-expand. This surgery is performed in cases of chronic or organized empyema, lung entrapment, symptomatic fibrothorax, or when tubal drainage or antibiotic treatment fails.

Surgical Steps

• The patient gets heavily sedated under the influence of general anesthesia, where the surgeon makes an incision between the ribs (thoracotomy) or performs minimally invasive techniques. Furthermore, the surgeon removes the thick fibrous layer from the lung’s surface, chest wall, and diaphragm.
• More than one chest tube is inserted to drain accumulated fluid and air, facilitating lung expansion. The procedure typically lasts between two and four hours, with the patient remaining hospitalized for a period of six to eight days, depending on individual factors and surgical methods. Complete recovery may span several weeks, with a gradual resumption of normal activities.

Benefits:

• Cost-effective
• Complete lung expansion
• Reduced risk of complications like lung volume loss and thoracic asymmetry
• Improved lung function and better quality of life

Preview: Embolization surgery for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or hemangiomas seeks to occlude abnormal blood vessels to lower the risk of paradoxical embolization and improve hypoxemia. It also helps prevent coughing up blood and blood buildup in the chest cavity. The goal is to minimize or eliminate the need for open surgery and offer quick symptom relief.

Surgical Steps

• Embolization is performed using a catheter inserted into the blood vessels through the groin area and guided to the lungs, followed by the use of coils or plugs to block the abnormal blood vessels. In complex cases, several sessions of embolizations are performed to treat multiple PAVMs.
• It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that typically lasts for 30 minutes to 1 hour and often provides hospital discharge within the first 24 hours.

Benefits:

• Minimally invasive
• Complete lung preservation
• Improves oxygenation levels in the blood
• Reduced the risk of serious complications like internal bleeding, stroke, and brain abscess.

Preview:Lung transplant aims to improve breathing and physical functions and enhance the quality of life for patients with end-stage lung disease (ESLD), severe COPD, advanced cystic fibrosis, ARDS or a history of frequent pneumonia.

Surgical Steps

• The matching of the person with the donor, from whom the lung is to be taken, is based on blood type, organ size (by comparing weight and chest measurement), and tissue typing elements.
• When a suitable donor is available, a team prepares the patient for the transplant surgery, while another team is sent to procure the organ. The patient’s chest will be opened, and the diseased lung will be removed. The airway and blood vessels will then be connected to the donor lung.
• After the surgery, the patient will need to spend a few days in the ICU, and a bronchoscopy will be performed as necessary. Following discharge, there will be three months of frequent monitoring by the lung transplantation team. The patient is prescribed immunosuppressant medications, which must be taken lifelong.

Benefits:

• Cost-effective
• Elevates energy levels
• Provides a better lifestyle
• Promotes higher success rates

Read More About – Lung Transplant

 

Preview: Heart-lung transplant aims to replace a patient’s diseased heart and lungs with healthy organs from a donor and perform life-saving treatments for patients with dual organ failure or end-stage conditions, such as congenital heart defects with Eisenmenger syndrome, and advanced interstitial lung diseases.

Surgical Steps

• The surgeries conducted for heart-lung transplantation necessitate proficiency and comprehensive expertise across all facets of care, including patient selection for organ transplantation, organ retrieval, the transplantation procedure, pre- and post-inpatient care, equipment, infrastructure, and a multidisciplinary team of specialists to ensure optimal outcomes.

Benefits:

• Restoration of heart functions
• Improved blood circulation
• Better oxygenation
• Reduced risk of heart failure symptoms

Read More About – Heart-Lung Transplant

Preview: Mediastinoscopy is a diagnostic surgical procedure performed to examine the mediastinum, and the space between the lungs, and collect a biopsy of the lymph nodes surrounding the mediastinum. Its purpose is to diagnose and stage lung cancer and analyze other mediastinal conditions.

Surgical Steps

• A small incision is made above the sternum (breast bone) and a mediastinoscope is inserted through the incision into the mediastinum to help them visualize the internal space, take real-time images and collect small tissue samples to examine under a microscope, followed by incision closure.

Benefits:

• Cost-effective
• Minimally invasive
• Accurately stages lung cancer
• Improved patient selection for thoracotomy

Preview: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy aims to restore blood flow to the lungs by removing the damaged tissues from the pulmonary arteries and is performed to treat chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

Surgical Steps

• The surgery is conducted under general anesthesia, and it is followed by a mediastinoscopy to facilitate the connection to the cardiopulmonary bypass machine and to access the heart and lungs, thereby permitting the body temperature to decrease.
• This results in circulatory arrest in the body, allowing the surgeon to precisely remove scars and clots from the pulmonary arteries.
• Subsequently, the patient progressively regains body temperature, blood is restored, and the bypass machine is removed (reperfusion) before the incision is closed.

Benefits:

• Potentially cures treatment and alleviates the symptoms immediately
• Improved breathing and lung function
• Reduced pulmonary artery pressure
• Increased exercise capacity
• Reduced need for oxygen
• Cost-effective

Read More About – Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

 

Preview: The primary aim is to alleviate pericardial tamponade, which is the pressure on the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, and to drain pericardial effusion by creating a drainage pathway. In some cases, a biopsy is obtained. Its purpose is to treat and manage the fluid buildup and drainage of the pericardial sac.

Surgical Steps

• A thoracotomy is performed to make an incision on the chest wall in the intercostal space (b/w the ribs). With the pericardium getting exposed, a portion of it is cut away to create a window.
• This window allows for the drainage of the fluid into the peritoneal cavity (b/w the abdomen), or the pleural cavity (b/w the lungs).
• To facilitate fluid drainage outside the body, a chest tube or several drainage devices are attached.

Benefits:

• Cost-effective
• Relieves pressure on the heart
• Prevention of recurrence
• Efficient drainage of excess fluid

Read More About – Thoracotomy & Pericardial Window Construction

Preview: Thoracoscopy, or VATS, is a minimally invasive technique that aims to examine and operate on tissues within the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, and esophagus.

Surgical Steps

• The patient and surgeon discuss the procedure, risks, and benefits; undergo a physical exam and medical history review; and may also have a blood test, an ECG, or a chest x-ray.
• Under general anaesthesia, the surgeon makes small incisions to insert a thoracoscope and other specialised tools for chest cavity procedures to collect lung biopsies or make resections, followed by incision closure.
• Patients are advised to gradually transition from a liquid to a regular diet and are also monitored for any risk of complications. They may experience mild to moderate pain and avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks.

Benefits:

• Minimally invasive
• Cost-effective
• Reduced pain
• Faster recovery
• Lower risk of complications
• Accurate diagnostic and targeted treatment

Read More About – Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Preview: Tracheal stenting aims to support the tracheal structures by keeping the trachea or the windpipe, open when it is narrowed or blocked due to several conditions. Its purpose is to provide symptom relief, help facilitate other therapies, and prevent airway collapse.

Surgical Steps

• The bronchoscope is guided down the trachea and visualizes the area requiring stenting with the help of a metallic stent, silicone stent, Montgomery T-tube, or Aboulker stent.
• The stent is then guided through the bronchoscope with the help of fluoroscopy at the site of narrowing, where the stent is relieved and expanded to open the airway.

Benefits:

• Relief from respiratory distress
• Minimises airway obstruction
• Shorter hospital stays

Preview: SMART therapy utilizes a single inhaler containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) that aims to provide both maintenance and relief therapy by simplifying the treatment with one device and subsequently improving asthma control.

Surgical Steps

It’s a medication-based approach where a patient uses a single combination inhaler of long-acting beta-agonist with inhaled corticosteroids, thus reducing the airway inflammation and quickly relaxing and opening the airway.

Benefits:

• Minimise confusion and improve adherence to the treatment plan
• Reduced risk of severe asthma attacks
• Lowers corticosteroid usage
• Better asthma control

Preview: BTVA aims to reduce lung volume and improve respiratory mechanics in patients who haven’t benefited from the previous treatments. Its purpose is to treat the specific damaged lung areas by delivering heated water vapours, causing tissue damage and fibrosis, ultimately shrinking the targeted area.

Surgical Steps

• A bronchoscope is inserted into the lungs under the influence of strong general anaesthesia, and heated water vapour is directed towards the damaged areas of the lung. This further induces a controlled inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, leading to tissue reduction.

Benefits:

• Reduced hyperinflation
• Reduced frequency of COPD exacerbation
• Targeted and minimally invasive treatment
• Significant improvement in lung function

Preview: Lung volume reduction surgery aims to improve breathing for people with severe emphysema by removing the damaged lung tissues. Its purpose is to reduce lung hyperinflation, enhance respiratory functions, and improve gaseous exchange.

Surgical Steps

• Lung volume reduction surgery can be performed via thoracotomy, VATS, or mediastinotomy, where the surgeon identifies and removes the damaged sections of the lungs, particularly the upper lobes. The lungs are later inserted with the test tubes to manage drainage and ensure lung re-expansion.

Benefits:

• Enhanced exercise tolerance
• Improved breathing
• Reduced oxygen dependency
• Shorter hospital stays

Why is it performed?

A fungal culture test aims to identify the presence of fungal microorganisms thriving in moist, dark environments like skin folds or shoes within the human body.

Advantages:

• Accurate age identification
• Assess the exact extent and precise location of the infection
• Detecting antifungal resistance
• Supports environmental remediation

Read More About – Fungal Culture Test

Why is it performed?

A gallium-67 scan uses an isotope called gallium-67 with SPECT imaging technology to assess blood flow in various organs, study transmetallation and organification in bones and kidneys, determine the functioning of the kidneys, bone marrow, liver and lungs, and identify infections and cancers throughout the body.

Advantages:

• Displays rapidly producing cancer cells
• Treats cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism

Read More About – Gallium Scan

Why is it performed?

The Mantoux test, also known as the Pirquet or tuberculin sensitivity test, is a skin test performed for the screening of tuberculosis by detecting the presence and amount of localized swelling as a sign of immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Advantages:

• Helps identify the individuals exposed to the TB bacteria
• Screen, monitor and control the spread of latent TB infection

Read More About – Mantoux Test

Why is it performed?

The acid-fast bacilli culture test identifies the infections caused by acid-fast bacilli, primarily targeting the lungs for tuberculosis (TB). TB is either represented as latent, where the bacteria are without symptoms and aren’t contagious, or active, where the bacteria show symptoms and are contagious. This test detects active TB and reduces its morbidity and mortality.

Advantages:

• Identifies TB or other mycobacterial infections

Read More About – Acid-Fast Bacilli Culture Test

Why is it performed?

The adenosine deaminase test measures ADA enzyme levels in various body fluids, particularly pleural fluid or serum, which are elevated as an immune response to tuberculosis, thus giving us an early diagnosis of the disease.

Advantages:

• Rapid diagnosis
• High sensitivity and specificity
• Non-invasive monitoring

Read More About – Adenosine Deaminase Test

Why is it performed?

An arterial blood gas test (ABG) aims to analyze the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation and bicarbonate in the bloodstream to assess lung function and maintain the body’s crucial pH balance.

Advantages:

• Diagnose severe problems in the early cases
• Ventilator management
• Guiding treatment plan, including acid-base and electrolyte management

Read More About – Arterial Blood Gas Test

Why is it performed?

A pulmonary function test (PFT) is a non-invasive procedure that measures large volume, capacity and flow rates, aiming to assess the functionality of the lungs. Its purpose is to diagnose and monitor respiratory diseases, guide treatment planning, and analyze a series of abnormalities.

Advantages:

• Early indication of lung disease
• Severity assessment
• Track disease progression
• Precisely differentiates between obstructive and restrictive lung disease
• Evaluates treatment effectiveness
• Asses surgical risks

Read More About – Pulmonary Function Test

Why is it performed?

Pleural fluid is a lubricant secreted between the lung and the chest cavity, and its excess production is called pleural effusion, which causes breathing difficulties, chronic coughing, and persistent lung inflation. The pleural fluid analysis test identifies the underlying cause of this effusion in the fluid removed from the pleura.

Advantages:

• Accurately analyzes pleural effusion
• Avoids future fluid buildup

Read More About – Pleural Fluid Analysis Test

Why is it performed?

Sputum Culture Test: A sputum culture test aims to painlessly identify bacterial or viral growth in the lungs or airways by examining mucus or phlegm. Its purpose is to determine the nature of respiratory infections and guide medication. It is used for detecting early-stage tuberculosis.

Sputum Routine Test: A simple, non-invasive procedure that analyzes phlegm to identify bacteria, fungi, or viruses, helping doctors diagnose respiratory infection during a severe cold as well as accurately distinguish between harmless and harmful microorganisms present in the sputum.

Advantages:

• Accurately detect and diagnose lung infections
• Track disease progression
• Guidance for targeted treatment
• Monitors treatment effectiveness
• Detects any risk of complications

Read More About – Sputum Culture & Routine Test

Why is it performed?

Impulse oscillometry is designed to evaluate airway resistance and reactance, providing comprehensive insights into pulmonary function, particularly when other non-invasive procedures are either unsuccessful or yield inconclusive results. Its purpose is to facilitate the monitoring and diagnosis of diverse pulmonary conditions, especially for individuals with limited access to spirometry and pediatric patients.

Advantages:

• Effort-independent
• Monitors disease progression
• Detects small airway dysfunctions
• Great sensitivity towards bronchodilator response

Why is it performed?

A lung imaging test that aims to assess air distribution and blood flow to the lungs, providing insight into the lungs’ internal functions. Its purpose is to help diagnose and treat various lung conditions, including pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, asthma, and COPD.

Advantages:

• Non-invasive procedure
• Reduced risk of complications
• A better alternative for CT scans
• Lower radiation exposure

Read More About – VQ Scan

Why is it performed?

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a relatively simple test that provides valuable information about the inflammatory status of the airways that can be crucial for managing asthma. It aims to assess inflammation in the airway passage, especially in the case of asthma.

Advantages:

• Non-invasive and patient-friendly
• Guidance for medication management
• Early detection of airway inflammation
• Precisely differentiates asthma from other respiratory issues
• Monitors disease progression and treatment response

Read More About – Asthma Clinic

Why is it performed?

ECMO is a life support system designed to temporarily replace the heart and lung function in critically ill patients when other treatments fail. There are two types of ECMO, venovenous (VV-ECMO), used for lung failures and connected to the vein, and veno-arterial (VA-ECMO), used for both heart and lung failure, connecting to a vein and an artery.

Advantages:

• Protects the functionality of two vital organs
• Acts as a bridge in the transplant cases
• Prevents cardiac complications
• Minimizes the risk of organ damage
• Beneficial for newborns with cardiac or lung issues

Read More About – ECMO