Best Gastroenterology Hospital in Hyderabad, India

Preview: Also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, it aims to remove the cancerous tumour from the head of the pancreas, duodenum (the first part of the intestine right after the stomach), and surrounding tissues. It is primarily used for pancreatic cancers and in some cases, for a few conditions of the pancreas, small intestine, or bile ducts.

Surgical Steps: The surgeon makes an abdominal incision (vertically midline or bilateral subcoastal incision) to assess the pancreas and the surrounding tissues. Later, the gallbladder, duodenum (with partial stomach), bile duct, the head of the pancreas, and surrounding lymph nodes are removed. Furthermore, the remaining pancreas, bile duct, and stomach are reconnected to the small intestines, restoring the proper digestive functions.

Benefits:

• Potentially cures early-stage pancreatic cancer.
• Imparts immediate relief from pain and other digestive issues.
• Improves the quality of life.
• Increases the long-term survival rates for pancreatic cancer.

Read more about – Whipple Procedure

Preview: To visualise the GI tract, primarily the small intestines and sometimes the oesophagus or colon, use a capsule-sized camera that contains a light and transmitter. It is used to diagnose conditions like tumours, polyps, inflammation, and bleeding.

Surgical Steps: The surgeon ensures the patient’s digestive tract is clear once they fast for a few hours before swallowing the pill-sized device. As the capsule travels through the digestive tract, it clicks thousands of images and forwards them to the outside. The capsule is further excreted naturally by the stools within 24-48 hours.

Benefits:

• Provides a better, non-invasive and painless alternative
• Have a higher diagnostic yield
• Does not require any sedation
• Cost-efficient and poses simple steps to perform
• It helps rule out bowel cancer

Preview: To visualise the inner lining of the colon and rectum and detect abnormalities like cancers, polyps, or inflammation. It is used for screening colorectal cancers, therapeutic procedures and diagnosing other gastrointestinal issues.

Surgical Steps: During a colonoscopy, after being sedated and positioned with knees drawn up, a colonoscope is gently inserted in the colon through the anus that transmits images to a monitor and is slowly withdrawn. Sometimes, if necessary, polyps are removed (polypectomy) and tissues are sampled, followed by the patient’s recovery from the sedation.

Benefits:

• Offers an all-in-one diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
• It’s a one-time, long-term procedure
• Most likely to detect cancer in its early stages

Preview: This surgery aims to repair the hernia and address the underlying acid reflux by moving the stomach back into the original position in the abdomen and tightening the diaphragm opening where the hernia existed. It is performed to treat intermittent heartburn and acid reflux, repair the issues around the abdomen, and prevent the progression of other gastro issues.

Surgical Steps: Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair surgery usually takes place under general anaesthesia, involving small abdominal incisions to insert a camera and instrument, allowing the surgeon to observe and position the stomach back into place, close the abdominal opening of the diaphragm, and wrap the upper stomach around the oesophagus to restore the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) functions.

Benefits:

• Long-term cure for persistent heartburn.
• Restores proper swallowing.
• Improved appetite and enhanced overall well-being.
• Decreases the risk of oesophageal cancer.

Read more about – Hiatal Hernia Surgery

Preview: This surgery aims to eliminate gallbladder-related conditions such as gallstones, cholecystitis (an inflamed gallbladder), biliary colic (sudden abdominal pain), or the gallbladder (a pear-shaped organ responsible for digesting fats). It is used to address the issues arising because of gallstones as well as other gallbladder-related conditions, like biliary dyskinesia or gallbladder masses.

Surgical Steps: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure where the surgeon administers general anaesthesia, and 3-4 small incisions are made in the abdomen. A laparoscope (a tube with a camera) and tiny surgical tools slide directly through these incisions to remove the gallstones or gallbladder-related issues. The surgeon then closes the opening with stitches, gives instructions, including wound care and pain management, and guides patients through to help them return to their usual activity.

Benefits:

• Relieves the pain and discomfort from the gallstones.
• Prohibits any gallstones from reappearing.
• Eliminate digestive problems after the treatment.
• Prevents any potential future emergencies.
• Lowers the risk of gallbladder inflammation and bile reflux.

Read more about – Cholecystectomy

Preview: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that employs a flexible tube and an X-ray to visualise the ducts of the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. It provides information that other imaging tests, like X-rays or MRI scans, cannot. ERCP could be an inpatient or outpatient procedure based on its complexity and can also be used for diagnosis, stone removal, stent placement, and fluid drainage.

Surgical Steps: The procedure involves numbing the throat, followed by the insertion of the endoscope and guiding it down the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Furthermore, contrast dye is injected by performing fluoroscopy and checking the ductal issues. Gastroenterologists may even attend to issues like performing sphincterotomies, stent placement, tumour excision, or breaking up gallstones.

Benefits:

• Relieve blockages in the bile ducts
• Improves the overall quality of living
• Diagnose and treat early pancreatic cancer

Read more about – Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Preview: Anal fissure surgery is a major general surgery where a small portion of a healthy sphincter muscle is removed to help reduce the pain and pressure around the rectum, allowing the fissure to heal and work best when laser surgical treatment is involved.

Surgical Steps: An anal fissure surgery, lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS), or fissurectomy is a procedure performed under general anaesthesia where a surgeon makes an incision along the internal anal sphincter muscle, which consists of a cluster of muscle rings. This incision helps the fissure to heal by relieving pressure. The surgery can be performed either using the open or closed method.

Benefits:

• Avoids the risk of infection of the fissure.
• No risk of accidental bleeding and post-surgical complications.
• Help relax the anal sphincter muscles.
• Provides immediate relief from pain and spasm.

Read more about – Anal Fissure Surgery

Preview: This surgical procedure aims to reduce stomach size and promote weight loss for individuals with severe obesity. It is achieved by removing a significant portion of the stomach, leaving a long tube-like pouch or a pocket-sized one that restricts the stomach’s food capacity. Bariatric surgery or weight loss surgery modifies the digestive system to restrict calorie intake and absorption, leading to improved health and weight reduction.

Surgical Steps: Bariatric surgery, commonly known as weight loss surgery, is mostly performed laparoscopically under general anaesthesia for 1-2 hours for patients between 18 and 65. After forming small incisions, the stomach size is reduced further, forming a smaller pouch. The pouch is connected to the intestine, the intestines are rerouted to alter nutrient absorption, and lastly, stitches are applied. The surgeon suggests some bed rest and provides an initiation rehabilitation program.

Benefits:

• Modifies the digestive system for calorie intake.
• Reduce the hunger hormones and thus reduce the hunger signals.
• This leads to significant weight loss.
• Reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases.

Read more about – Bariatric Surgery

Preview: The procedure of gallbladder stent placement aims to open a blocked bile duct, typically due to gallstones, and restore bile flow. Alternatively, stent removal is intended to eliminate it when it is no longer required or results in complications, such as migration, blockage or infection.

Surgical Steps: Initially, both procedures involve Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Stent placement involves a wire to navigate to the bile duct, where the stent is passed in through the wire, and the wire is withdrawn when the stent is kept in place. If the stent stays in position with no complications, its removal becomes simpler with the help of forceps to grasp the loop.

Benefits:

• Cost- and time-efficient.
• Ensure adequate bile drainage.
• Directly treats the cause of biliary blockage.
• Collecting biopsies for cancer cell evaluations.

Preview: Colectomy is used to remove all or part of the colon in order to treat and prevent diseases and conditions affecting the colon. It is used to treat colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, and severe bleeding.

Surgical Steps: Colectomy begins with administering general anaesthesia and antibiotics intravenously, followed by an incision. The surgeon then removes the diseased colon segment, joins the healthy ends (anastomosis), and closes the incisions using stitches. Sometimes, the stoma is created and attached to a bag to collect all the waste.

Benefits:

• Reduced postoperative pain.
• Decreased exposure to the intra-abdominal space.
• Even smaller surgical scars.

Read more about – Colectomy

Preview: This surgery aims to remove the entire colon and rectum. This surgery is considered when the other treatments have failed to treat common ulcerative colitis or a life-threatening complication arises. It is also used for the treatment of colorectal cancers and precancerous conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis.

Surgical Steps:

• This surgery is performed in one or two stages and may involve the creation of the ileostomy or ileal pouch anastomosis.
• In an ileostomy, the terminal end of the small intestine is brought out through an incision made in the abdomen (stoma/artificial opening), and a pouch is worn over the stoma to collect the waste.
• While in IPAA, the ileal pouch is created and directly attached to the anus, allowing for bowel movements.

Benefits:

• Eliminates the diseased portion of the bowel.
• Prevent or treat cancers.
• Improves quality of life.
• Manage complications like toxic megacolon, perforation, or uncontrolled breathing.

Preview: Nissen fundoplication aims to reinforce the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) muscle present at the end of the oesophagus and prevents the stomach acid and its contents from refluxing back into the oesophagus. It is used to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hiatal hernia, and when other treatments fail.

Surgical Steps: The abdomen is inflated with gas to create space, and the surgeon uses a laparoscope to visualise internal organs. Using special tools, the liver and stomach are pulled back to make room for the fundus (upper stomach). This is done by exposing the oesophagus and diaphragm and separating the gastrosplenic ligaments. It protects the vagus nerves, moves enough tissue to wrap around the lower end of the oesophagus (fundoplication), and gets rid of a flexible end that helps wrap the ends (bougie).

Benefits:

• Significantly eliminates or reduces GRD symptoms.
• A long-term solution for GERD, compared to medications.
• Offers higher success rates.

Preview: As the name suggests, appendectomy aims for the removal of the appendix, found on the lower right side of the abdomen. It is considered an emergency basis to treat an inflamed and infected appendix and prevent the patient from potentially life-threatening complications, like peritonitis.

Surgical Steps: The surgeon makes three incisions in the abdomen around the belly button and inserts a cannula, a laparoscope, and a specialised surgical tool. It allows the surgeon to inflate the abdomen with carbon dioxide and form a space for the surgeon to operate and see the appendix and its surrounding organs with ease. The surgeon then removes the appendix from its attachments, and the incisions are closed.

Benefits:

• Quicker returns to bowel functions and normal activities.
• Less postoperative pain.
• Offers better cosmetic results.
• Improves the quality of life.

Read more about – Appendectomy

Preview: This surgery addressed the repair of any type of hernia, which is a protrusion of tissue or organ through a weak area in the body wall. The primary purpose of this surgery is to push the protruded tissues back into their original position and prevent any future herniations.

Surgical Steps: In order to avoid bowel strangulation, the surgeon implements a laparoscopic/robotic approach to push the herniated tissue back into its proper place, repair the abdominal wall with the help of sutures and sometimes provide extra support and strength with reinforcements of meshwork.

Benefits:

• Removes the bulge or lumps for aesthetic purposes.
• Provides immediate relief from pain.
• Reduced risk of complications from hernia.
• Lowers the risk of tissue strangulation.
• Minimally invasive options.

Read more about – Hernia Repair Surgery

Preview: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is an endoscopic technique aimed at performing the removal of abnormal gastrointestinal lesions, including early-stage and precancerous lesions present deeper within the submucosa (the layer beneath the mucosa).

Surgical Steps: ESD is generally preferred for lesions that are difficult to cut with Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) and other larger and deeper lesions. The surgeon marks the borders of the lesions using electrosurgical tools and injects the lesion with a solution to lift it. Furthermore, a circumferential incision is made using an electrosurgical knife, detaching the lesion from the underlying tissue and retrieved using a safety net.

Benefits:

• Allows the larger lesion to be removed in one piece, potentially reducing the chances of recurrence.
• Qualified as an advanced endoscopic expert.
• Potential for better staging to help customise the treatment, like staging GI cancer.

Preview: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is the endoscopic technique aimed at performing the removal of abnormal gastrointestinal lesions, including early-stage and precancerous lesions from the inner surface of the mucosa (inner wall of the digestive tract).

Surgical Steps: EMR is generally preferred for small superficial incisions and always involves either injecting a solution into the lesions or aspirating with a cap-like device to lift it with the help of a snare or a wire loop. An electrical current is used to cut and cauterise the lesion and seal it. It can be performed on the stomach, colon, rectum and oesophagus.

Benefits:

• EMR are minimally invasive, faster, and less complex than ESD.
• Faster recovery
• Shorter hospital stays.

Symptoms: 

• Nause 
• Vomiting
• Sore throat
• Hoarseness or cough
• Bad breath
• Regurgitation
• Chest pain
• Heartburn

Causes:

• Hiatal Hernia
  Generally, it’s the weakening of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES)
• Smoking weakens the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and irritates the oesophagus.
• Medications like NSAIDs can irritate the oesophagus and worsen reflux.
• Hormonal changes during pregnancy.
• Having large meals or lying down immediately after the meal.

Symptoms:

• Fever
• Skin problems
• Weight loss
• Joint pain
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue
• Diarrhoea
• Rectal bleeding
• Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, and loss of appetite.

Causes:

• Autoimmune disorders, where the body’s immune system doesn’t realise it is attacking the healthy tissues of the digestive tract
• Certain unknown triggers jolt up the immune system and develop IBD.
• Potential contributing factors such as genetic, environmental, infectious, gut bacteria, and immune factors.
• Medicines such as antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Smoking

Read more about – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Symptoms: These are commonly identified by the small pouches and have no significant symptoms that are unique to diverticulosis.

Potential Risk Factors for Diverticulosis:

• Common in older adults.
• Genetic predisposition in some people.
• Low-fibre diet.
• Lack of exercise and obesity.
• Smoking and certain medications.

Symptoms: 

• Abdominal pain and bloating.
• Fever and chills.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Constipation and diarrhoea.
• Flatulence
• Blood in the faeces and eventually anaemia

Causes:

• Bacteria or stagnant stool in diverticula
• Changes in the gut microbial flora
• Weakened colon wall
• Genetic factors
• Lifestyle factors like a low-fibre diet, obesity, and smoking.

Symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and chills
• Abdominal pain
• Jaundice
• Light-coloured stools
• Brown-coloured urine

Causes:

• High bilirubin in bile
• Excess cholesterol in bile
• Low bile salt concentration in bile
• Incomplete gallbladder excavation makes the bile too concentrated
• High-fat and high-cholesterol diet
• Genetic factors and medical conditions

Read more about – Gallstones

Symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and rapid heart rate
• Abdominal swelling and tenderness
• Jaundice

Causes:

• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Gallstones
• Elevated levels of triglycerides
• Cystic fibrosis
• Certain autoimmune disorders

Symptoms:

• Visible and palpable bulge
• Pain or discomfort. In some cases, there is no pain or discomfort
• Building up of pressure and weakness
• Bowel obstruction, indicating bowel strangulation

Causes:

• The chances of having certain hernias increase with age
• As a result of previous abdominal surgery
• Increased abdominal pressure
• Lifting heavy objects

Read more about – Hernias

Symptoms:

• Abdominal pain
• Alteration in bowel movements and habits
• Rectal bleeding
• Changes in stool colour
• Iron-deficiency anaemia

Causes:

• As age progresses
• High-fat and low-fibre diet
• Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption
• Certain genetic conditions, such as familial adenomatous polyposis
• Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

Read more about – Colon Polyps

Symptoms:

• Losing weight with working out
• Weakness and fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Blood in the stool
• Changes in bowel habits
• Constant urge to defecate

Causes:

• Possibly after 50 years of age
• Develops from polyps 
• Irritable bowel diseases
• Certain genetic and environmental factors

Read more about – Colon Cancer

Symptoms:

• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dehydration
• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Diarrhoea
• Blood or pus in the stool

Causes:

• Chemicals and toxicity
• Side effects from certain medications
• Viral, bacterial or parasitic infections
• Food poisoning

Read more about – Gastroenteritis

Symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting blood
• Weight loss without even working out
• Constipation
• Presence of blood in stool

Causes:

• Appears sporadically (randomly) in lifetime with no clear explanation
• Certain inherited genetic conditions, like neurofibromatosis
• Rare genetic mutation leading to uncontrolled cellular growth

Symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Digestive Issues
• Abdominal pain
• Itchy skin
• Swollen gallbladder
• Jaundice

Causes:

• Chronic Pancreatitis
• Diabetes
• High-fat diet with red meat
• Obesity
• Family history and age factors

Symptoms of Celiac Disease:

• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Bloating, gas, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, and lactose intolerance.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Malabsorption due to damage to the small intestine, fatigue, weight loss, and anaemia.
• Other Symptoms: Skin rash, mouth ulcers, tingling sensation in the skin, and joint pain.

Causes:

• Gluten sensitivity
• Genetic factors
• Autoimmune 

Symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Unintentional weight loss
• Sensation of the abdomen getting full
• Intermittent pain between meals
• Pain relieved by eating

Causes:

• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
• Prolonged usage of NSAIDS
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
• Other severe chronic illnesses
• Heavy consumption of alcohol

Symptoms:

• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Bloating and gas accumulation
• Loose, watery stools
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Loss of control over bowel movements

Causes:

• Infections
• Food poisoning
• Stress and anxiety
• Food allergies and intolerances
• Medical conditions like irritable bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Symptoms:

• Sensation of incomplete evacuation
• Abdominal discomfort and bloating
• Straining on the bowels
• Hard or lumpy stools
• Infrequent bowel movements
• Difficulty and pain while excreting

Causes:

• Dietary factors like consuming a meat, milk, or cheese-rich diet.
• Medications like pain relievers, antidepressants, and iron pills.
• Lifestyle factors such as pain relievers, ignoring the urge to defecate, and dehydrating the body.

Read more about – Constipation

Symptoms of Barrett’s Oesophagus

• Underlying GERD may cause heartburn
• Acid regurgitation
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Chest pain and sore throat
• Unintentional weight loss

Causes for Barrett’s Oesophagus

• Obesity
• Excessive smoking
• Long-term GERD
• Family history and age factors

Read more about – Barrett’s Oesophagus

Symptoms of Bile Duct Stones

• Nausea and vomiting
• Indigestion
• Fever and chills
• Abdominal pain
• Jaundice
• Dark urine and clay-coloured stool

Causes for Bile Duct Stones

• When bile contains too much cholesterol and bilirubin, and less of the bile salts.
• When gallstones increase in the gallbladder, the risk of bile duct stones increases.
• Individuals with liver cirrhosis and biliary tract infection.
• Hereditary blood disorders like sickle cell anaemia.
• Prolonged fasting, rapid weight loss, and eating a high-fat diet.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cysts:

• Fever and chills
• Abdominal pain
• Feeling full
• Unexplained weight loss
• Nausea and vomiting
• Palpable mass
• Pancreatitis

Causes for Pancreatic Cysts:

• Genetic conditions (Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome)
• Infections
• Pancreatic duct obstruction
• Precancerous or cancerous growth
• Pancreatitis

Why Does it Stand Out?

Colonoscopy is a versatile procedure to diagnose and treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including evaluation of an entire colon, polyp removal and colon cancer screening. A colonoscopy sets up a golden standard for diagnosing and managing colorectal cancers, as well as treating certain conditions such as bowel strangulation, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Advantages

• Offers an all-in-one diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
• It’s a one-time, long-term procedure
• Most likely to detect cancer in its early stages

Why Does it Stand Out?

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a unique combination of procedures that involves imaging techniques combined with direct field of vision and surgical interventions within the bile and pancreatic ducts. ERCP is a versatile procedure to diagnose and treat various conditions related to these ducts, including gallstones, tumours, and strictures.

Advantages

• Relieve blockages in the bile ducts
• Improves the overall quality of living
• Diagnose and treat early pancreatic cancer

Read more about – Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Why Does it Stand Out?

Its non-invasive nature provides a painless and quick assessment of liver fibrosis, as it measures the presence and severity of liver stiffness and fat accumulation (steatosis), an important indicator of liver health. It is a valuable tool for providing timely diagnosis and monitoring of various liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Advantages

• Non-invasive and safe
• Early diagnosis and monitoring
• Easily accessible for the patient with a high-risk liver condition
• More cost-effective than liver biopsy
• Superior to ultrasound in determining advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis

Why Does it Stand Out?

HRM can provide comprehensive and goal-oriented assessments for various oesophageal motility disorders, like achalasia and GERD, leading to improved diagnostic precision and making the interpretation of diseases easier.

Advantages

• Enhanced diagnostic accuracy
• Simplifies the procedure and reduces discomfort
• Early detection of abnormalities
• Optimise surgical outcomes

Why Does it Stand Out?

Endoscopic ultrasound provides live, high-resolution images of the GI tract and its surrounding organs, allowing comprehensive and personalised evaluation of diseases and guiding treatments like biopsies. It imposes a direct viewing angle at high proximity to the targeted tissues and ensures accurate diagnosis and staging for the various conditions.

Advantages

• High-resolution imaging
• Early cancer detection
• Minimally invasive
• Improved cost-benefits

Why Does it Stand Out?

Oesophageal pH monitoring is a gold standard for measuring gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and diagnosing GERD by providing a direct measurement of acid exposure which aids in correlating symptoms with reflux episodes and assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.

Advantages

• Identifies non-acid reflux
• Allows for patient comfort and mobility
• Assessment of anti-reflux surgery

Preview: MRI creates 3D images and helps visualize the body’s internal structures, such as organs, tissues and bones, without ionising radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aids experts in providing accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and managing various conditions of the soft tissues, like the GI tract.

Read more about – Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Preview: A liver biopsy is a cornerstone procedure that provides a detailed examination of liver tissue and offers crucial diagnostic and prognostic information for various liver conditions when other treatments are insufficient. It identifies the underlying cause of liver diseases as well as their severity and helps guide the treatment decision.

Read more about – Liver Biopsy

Preview: This test measures the bilirubin levels in the bloodstream, a yellow pigment when the liver breaks down the RBCs, and the haemoglobin iron component is converted to bilirubin, and the liver processes the bilirubin and eliminates it from the body. High levels of bilirubin indicate liver issues and may signal liver disorders.

Read more about – Bilirubin Test